Traditional Knowledge Laws :

Bahrain

Article 85

Title1 - any publication, reproduction and distributioni of copies of "expressions of folklore";
The following uses of "expressions of folklore" shall be subject to the authorization of the Chaidan Copyright Office, where they are carried out both for profit-making purposes and outside their traditional or customary context:2 - any recitation or public performance, any transmission by wire or by wireless means, and any other form of communication to the public of "expressions of folkore".

Article 87

Copies of "expressions of folklore" and also copies of translations, arrangements and other transformations of such expressions produced without authorization or without being declared, as appropriate, may not be imported, exported or distributed.

Article 89

Any publication and communication to the public of an identifiable expression of folklore must indicate its source in an appropriate mannder, by mentioning the community and/or the geographical place from which the expression originates.

Article 90

"Expressions of folklore" developed and perpetuated in a foreign country shall be protected by the present Law, subject to reciprocity or on the basis of treaties or other agreements that are binding on the Republic of Chad.

Exceptions and Limitations

Article 88

The exceptions to copyright set out in this Law shall apply mutatis mutandis to "expressions of folklore".

Act No. 22 of the Year 2006 relating to the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights

Subject Matter

Issue(s)

Type(s) of Legislation

Subject Matter of Protection

Article 1 - Definitions

Derived Work - A work which derives its origin from a previously existing work, or from folklore.

Folklore - Any composition taken from inherited tradition be it oral, musical or of movement as expressed in distinct elements reflecting a popular traditional heritage which arose, developed and is conserved in a specific geographical area, and which cannot be attributed to a known author, particularly including the following:
(a) Popular stories, sayings, riddles and slogans.
(b) Popular songs accompanied by music.
(c) Popular dances and shows.
(d) The products of popular art, such as sketches or coloured
drawings, sculptures, pottery and ceramics, wood and metal carvings, ornamentation, needlework, textiles, rugs and tapestries, clothing, musical instruments and building styles.

Performers -Actors, singers, musicians, dancers and other parties who act, sing, recite, chant, or in any way perform any of the following:
(a) Works, whether protected or unprotected by the provisions of this Act, or which have passed into the public domain due to the expiry of the period of protection.
(b) Folklore.

Article 3

Protection under this Act is accorded to derived works. In particular this includes:
(b) collections of works or of folklore such as encyclopedias or anthologies, and databases, readable either by computer or other means, as long as creativity exists in the selection or arrangement of the contents of those collections and databases.

Scope of Protection

Article 69

Folklore which reflects the popular traditional heritage that arose, developed and is conserved in the Kingdom - is the public State property, and can only be employed appopriately and put to good use. This must not involve the defacement of that folklore and must make mention of its source. The competent Authority has the right to issue a judicial order to prevent any use of folklore that violates these provisions.