ࡱ > # $ & ! " # bjbjss j j f f f D n 8 J: G : 2H 2H 2H f n pq ` ` b b b b b b $ ˢ V f r `a h f r r j j 2H 2H . r & j & 2H f 2H ` r ` 2H UvS N L 0 ! D \ ! ! f r r r r r r r r r r r r r r ! r r r r r r r r r 0 : E TG/259/2(proj.6) ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2017-10-10 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS Geneva DRAFT AGARICUS UPOV Code(s): AGARI_BIS Agaricus bisporus (Lange.) Sing. * GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY prepared by experts from the European Union to be considered by the Enlarged Editorial Committee at its meeting,to be held in Geneva on March 26 and 27, 2018 Disclaimer: this document does not represent UPOV policies or guidance Alternative names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish TC "
Agaricus bisporus (Lange.) Sing.
" \f C \l "1" Agaricus bisporus (Lange.) Sing. Mushroom Champignon de couche Champignon Champin The purpose of these guidelines (Test Guidelines) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES.......................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section1" 3 2. MATERIAL REQUIRED......................................................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section2" 3 3. METHOD OF EXAMINATION................................................................................................................................ HYPERLINK \l "Section3" 3 3.1 Number of Growing Cycles........................................................................................................................ HYPERLINK \l "Section3-1" 3 3.2 Testing Place............................................................................................................................................. HYPERLINK \l "Section3-2" 3 3.3 Conditions for Conducting the Examination............................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section3-3" 3 3.4 Test Design................................................................................................................................................ HYPERLINK \l "Section3-4" 3 3.5 Additional Tests......................................................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section3-5" 3 4. ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY................................................................. HYPERLINK \l "Section4" 4 4.1 Distinctness............................................................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section4-1" 4 4.2 Uniformity.................................................................................................................................................. HYPERLINK \l "Section4-2" 5 4.3 Stability...................................................................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section4-3" 5 5. GROUPING OF VARIETIES AND ORGANIZATION OF THE GROWING TRIAL................................................ HYPERLINK \l "Section5" 5 6. INTRODUCTION TO THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS................................................................................ HYPERLINK \l "Section6" 6 6.1 Categories of Characteristics..................................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section6-1" 6 6.2 States of Expression and Corresponding Notes........................................................................................ HYPERLINK \l "Section6-2" 6 6.3 Types of Expression.................................................................................................................................. HYPERLINK \l "Section6-3" 6 6.4 Example Varieties...................................................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section6-4" 6 6.5 Legend....................................................................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section6-5" 7 7. TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS/TABLEAU DES CARACTRES/MERKMALSTABELLE/TABLA DE CARACTERES...................................................................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section7" 8 8. EXPLANATIONS ON THE TABLE OF CHARACTERISTICS............................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section8" 13 8.1 Explanations covering several characteristics........................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section8-1" 13 8.2 Explanations for individual characteristics................................................................................................. HYPERLINK \l "Section8-2" 14 8.3 Growth Stages and life cycle of Agaricus bisporus.................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section9"18 9. LITERATURE......................................................................................................................................................... HYPERLINK \l "Section9"19 10. TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE............................................................................................................................ HYPERLINK \l "Section10" 20 1.Subject of these Test Guidelines These Test Guidelines apply to all varieties of Agaricus bisporus (Lange.) Sing.. 2.Material Required 2.1The competent authorities decide on the quantity and quality of the material required for testing the variety and when and where it is to be delivered. Applicants submitting material from a State other than that in which the testing takes place must ensure that all customs formalities and phytosanitary requirements are complied with. 2.2The material is to be supplied in the form of spawn or pure culture on a suitable medium. 2.3The minimum quantity of material, to be supplied by the applicant, should be: (a) 15 litres of spawn or (b) 2 slant tubes or agar plate (petri dish), containing a pure culture. 2.4The material supplied should be visibly healthy, not lacking in vigor, nor affected by any important pest or disease. 2.5The material should not have undergone any treatment which would affect the expression of the characteristics of the variety, unless the competent authorities allow or request such treatment. If it has been treated, full details of the treatment must be given. 3.Method of Examination 3.1Number of Growing Cycles 3.1.1 The minimum duration of tests should normally be two independent growing cycles. 3.1.2 The two independent growing cycles should be in the form of two separate cultivations. 3.1.3 The growing cycle is normally considered to be from spawn inoculation until the end of the first flush. 3.2Testing Place Tests are normally conducted at one place. In the case of tests conducted at more than one place, guidance is provided in TGP/9 Examining Distinctness. 3.3Conditions for Conducting the Examination The tests should be carried out under conditions ensuring satisfactory growth for the expression of the relevant characteristics of the variety and for the conduct of the examination. 3.4Test Design 3.4.1 The design of the tests should be such that fruit bodies or parts of fruit bodies may be removed for measurement or counting without prejudice to the observations which must be made up to the end of the growing cycle. 3.4.2 Each test should be designed to result in a total of at least 120 fruit bodies, which should be divided between at least 3 replicates. 3.5Additional Tests Additional tests, for examining relevant characteristics, may be established. 4.Assessment of Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability 4.1Distinctness 4.1.1General Recommendations It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines. 4.1.2Consistent Differences The differences observed between varieties may be so clear that more than one growing cycle is not necessary. In addition, in some circumstances, the influence of the environment is not such that more than a single growing cycle is required to provide assurance that the differences observed between varieties are sufficiently consistent. One means of ensuring that a difference in a characteristic, observed in a growing trial, is sufficiently consistent is to examine the characteristic in at least two independent growing cycles. 4.1.3Clear Differences Determining whether a difference between two varieties is clear depends on many factors, and should consider, in particular, the type of expression of the characteristic being examined, i.e. whether it is expressed in a qualitative, quantitative, or pseudo-qualitative manner. Therefore, it is important that users of these Test Guidelines are familiar with the recommendations contained in the General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding distinctness. 4.1.4Number of fruit bodies or parts of fruit bodies to be Examined Unless otherwise indicated, for the purposes of distinctness, all observations on single fruit bodies should be made on 30 fruit bodies or parts of fruit bodies taken from each of 30 fruit bodies and any other observations made on all fruit bodies in the test, disregarding any off-type fruit bodies. 4.1.5Method of Observation The recommended method of observing the characteristic for the purposes of distinctness is indicated by the following key in the Table of Characteristics (see document TGP/9 Examining Distinctness, Section 4 Observation of characteristics): MG: single measurement of a group of fruit bodies or parts of fruit bodies MS: measurement of a number of individual fruit bodies or parts of fruit bodies VG: visual assessment by a single observation of a group of fruit bodies or parts of fruit bodies VS: visual assessment by observation of individual fruit bodies or parts of fruit bodies Type of observation: visual (V) or measurement (M) Visual observation (V) is an observation made on the basis of the experts judgment. For the purposes of this document, visual observation refers to the sensory observations of the experts and, therefore, also includes smell, taste and touch. Visual observation includes observations where the expert uses reference points (e.g. diagrams, example varieties, side-by-side comparison) or non-linear charts (e.g. color charts). Measurement (M) is an objective observation against a calibrated, linear scale e.g. using a ruler, weighing scales, colorimeter, dates, counts, etc. Type of record: for a group of fruit bodies (G) or for single, individual fruit bodies (S) For the purposes of distinctness, observations may be recorded as a single record for a group of fruit bodies or parts of fruit bodies (G), or may be recorded as records for a number of single, individual fruit bodies or parts of fruit bodies (S). In most cases, G provides a single record per variety and it is not possible or necessary to apply statistical methods in a fruit body-by-fruit body analysis for the assessment of distinctness. In cases where more than one method of observing the characteristic is indicated in the Table of Characteristics (e.g. VG/MG), guidance on selecting an appropriate method is provided in document TGP/9, Section 4.2. 4.2Uniformity 4.2.1It is of particular importance for users of these Test Guidelines to consult the General Introduction prior to making decisions regarding uniformity. However, the following points are provided for elaboration or emphasis in these Test Guidelines: 4.2.2These Test Guidelines have been developed for the examination of vegetatively propagated varieties. For varieties with other types of propagation the recommendations in the General Introduction and document TGP/13 Guidance for new types and species, Section 4.5 Testing Uniformity should be followed. 4.2.3For the assessment of uniformity of vegetatively propagated varieties, a population standard of 1% and an acceptance probability of at least 95% should be applied. In the case of a sample size of 30fruit bodies, 1 off-type ist allowed. 4.3Stability 4.3.1In practice, it is not usual to perform tests of stability that produce results as certain as those of the testing of distinctness and uniformity. However, experience has demonstrated that, for many types of variety, when a variety has been shown to be uniform, it can also be considered to be stable. 4.3.2Where appropriate, or in cases of doubt, stability may be further examined by testing a new stock to ensure that it exhibits the same characteristics as those shown by the initial material supplied. 5.Grouping of Varieties and Organization of the Growing Trial 5.1The selection of varieties of common knowledge to be grown in the trial with the candidate varieties and the way in which these varieties are divided into groups to facilitate the assessment of distinctness are aided by the use of grouping characteristics. 5.2Grouping characteristics are those in which the documented states of expression, even where produced at different locations, can be used, either individually or in combination with other such characteristics: (a) to select varieties of common knowledge that can be excluded from the growing trial used for examination of distinctness; and (b) to organize the growing trial so that similar varieties are grouped together. 5.3The following have been agreed as useful grouping characteristics: (a) (b) (c) Time of beginning of harvest (characteristic 3) Cap: color(characteristic 7) Cap: diameter (characteristic 12) (d) Gills: color(characteristic 18) (e) Basidium: spores(characteristic 20) 5.4Guidance for the use of grouping characteristics, in the process of examining distinctness, is provided through the General Introduction and document TGP/9 Examining Distinctness. 6.Introduction to the Table of Characteristics 6.1Categories of Characteristics 6.1.1Standard Test Guidelines Characteristics Standard Test Guidelines characteristics are those which are approved by UPOV for examination of DUS and from which members of the Union can select those suitable for their particular circumstances. 6.1.2Asterisked Characteristics Asterisked characteristics (denoted by *) are those included in the Test Guidelines which are important for the international harmonization of variety descriptions and should always be examined for DUS and included in the variety description by all members of the Union, except when the state of expression of a preceding characteristic or regional environmental conditions render this inappropriate. 6.2States of Expression and Corresponding Notes 6.2.1States of expression are given for each characteristic to define the characteristic and to harmonize descriptions. Each state of expression is allocated a corresponding numerical note for ease of recording of data and for the production and exchange of the description. 6.2.2In the case of qualitative and pseudo-qualitative characteristics (see Chapter 6.3), all relevant states of expression are presented in the characteristic. However, in the case of quantitative characteristics with 5 or more states, an abbreviated scale may be used to minimize the size of the Table of Characteristics. For example, in the case of a quantitative characteristic with 9 states, the presentation of states of expression in the Test Guidelines may be abbreviated as follows: State Note small 3 medium 5 large 7 However, it should be noted that all of the following 9 states of expression exist to describe varieties and should be used as appropriate: State Note very small 1 very small to small 2 small 3 small to medium 4 medium 5 medium to large 6 large 7 large to very large 8 very large 9 6.2.3Further explanation of the presentation of states of expression and notes is provided in document TGP/7 Development of Test Guidelines. 6.3Types of Expression An explanation of the types of expression of characteristics (qualitative, quantitative and pseudo-qualitative) is provided in the General Introduction. 6.4Example Varieties Where appropriate, example varieties are provided to clarify the states of expression of each characteristic. 6.5Legend English franais deutsch espaol Example VarietiesExemplesBeispielssortenVariedades ejemplo Note/Nota 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Name of characteristics in English Nom du caractre en franais Name des Merkmals auf Deutsch Nombre del carcter en espaol states of expression types dexpression Ausprgungsstufen tipos de expresin 1 Characteristic number 2 (*) Asterisked characteristic see Chapter 6.1.2 3 Type of expression QL Qualitative characteristic see Chapter 6.3 QN Quantitative characteristic see Chapter 6.3 PQ Pseudo-qualitative characteristic see Chapter 6.3 4 Method of observation (and type of plot, if applicable) MG, MS, VG, VS see Chapter 4.1.5 5 (+) See Explanations on the Table of Characteristics in Chapter 8.2 6 (a)-(c) See Explanations on the Table of Characteristics in Chapter 8.1 7 Growth stage key See Explanations on the Table of Characteristics in Chapter 8.3 7.Table of Characteristics/Tableau des caractres/Merkmalstabelle/Tabla de caracteres EnglishfranaisdeutschespaolExample VarietiesExemplesBeispielssortenVariedades ejemploNote/Nota AUTONUM QNVG(+)Mycelium: density Myclium: densit Myzel: Dichte Micelio: densidad weakfaiblegeringdbilJ102631mediummoyennemittelmediaHorronda, Sylvan A152strongfortestarkfuerteBrawn, Heirloom3 AUTONUM QNVG(+)Number of pins Nombre de tiges Anzahl Knoten Nmero de primordios fewpetitgeringbajoHorronda3mediummoyenmittelmedioAmycel 24005manygrandgroaltoHorwitu, Sylvan A157 AUTONUM (*)QNMG(+)2Time of beginning of harvest poque de dbut de rcolte Zeitpunkt des Erntebeginns poca de comienzo de la cosecha earlyprcocefrhtempranaBrawn, Euromycel 303mediummoyennemittelmediaAmycel 2400, Sylvan A155latetardivespttardaEuromycel 587 AUTONUM (*)QNMS/VG(a), (c)2Stipe: length Stipe: longueur Stiel: Lnge Pie: longitud shortcourtkurzcortoBrawn3mediummoyenmittelmedioBroncoh, Sylvan A155longlonglanglargoAmycel 2400, Horwitu7 AUTONUM (*)QNMS/VG(+)(a)2Stipe: diameter Stipe: diamtre Stiel: Durchmesser Pie: dimetro smallpetitkleinpequeoSomycel 533mediummoyenmittelmedioBrawn, Broncoh5largegrandgrograndeHorronda7 AUTONUM (*)QNMS/VG(+)2Stipe: ratio length/diameter Stipe: rapport longueur/diamtre Stiel: Verhltnis Lnge/Durchmesser Pie: relacin longitud/dimetro lowbaskleinbajaBrawn3mediummoyenmittelmediaSylvan A155highlevgroaltaSomycel 537 EnglishfranaisdeutschespaolExample VarietiesExemplesBeispielssortenVariedades ejemploNote/Nota AUTONUM (*)PQVG2Cap: color Chapeau: couleur Hut: Farbe Sombrero: color whiteblancweiblancoSylvan A151greyish whiteblanc gristregrulichweiblanco grisceoSomycel 762brownmarronbraunmarrnAmycel 24003 AUTONUM (*)QNVG2Only varieties with brown cap: Cap: intensity of color Seulement les varits chapeau marron: Chapeau: intensit de la couleur Nur Sorten mit braunem Hut: Hut: Intensitt der Farbe Solo variedades con sombrero marrn: Sombrero: intensidad del color very lighttrs clairesehr hellmuy claroBroncoh, J102631lightclairehellclaroAmycel 24003mediummoyennemittelmedioHeirloom5darkfoncedunkeloscuroBrawn7very darktrs foncesehr dunkelmuy oscuroBP-19 AUTONUM QLVG(+)2Only varieties with brown cap: Stipe: color Seulement les varits chapeau marron: Stipe: couleur Nur Sorten mit braunem Hut: Stiel: Farbe Solo variedades con sombrero marrn: Pie: color whiteblancweiblancoBrawn, Heirloom1greyish whiteblanc gristregrulichweiblanco grisceoAmycel 24002 AUTONUM QLVG(+)2Stipe: oxidation at cutting edge Stipe: oxydation du bord coup Stiel: Oxidation an der Schnittkante Pie: oxidacin del borde de la superficie de corte absentabsentefehlendausenteSylvan A151presentprsentevorhandenpresenteHeirloom, Somycel 539 AUTONUM (*)QNMS/VG(a), (c)2Cap: height Chapeau: hauteur Hut: Hhe Sombrero: altura shortcourtniedrigbajoJ102633mediummoyenmittelmedioBrawn, Sylvan A155tallhauthochaltoEuromycel 587 AUTONUM (*)QNMS/VG(a), (c)2Cap: diameter Chapeau: diamtre Hut: Durchmesser Sombrero: dimetro smallpetitkleinpequeoHorwitu3mediummoyenmittelmedioBroncoh5largegrandgrograndeHeirloom, Sylvan A15 7 EnglishfranaisdeutschespaolExample VarietiesExemplesBeispielssortenVariedades ejemploNote/Nota AUTONUM (*)QNMS/VG(+)2Cap: ratio height/diameter Chapeau: rapport hauteur/diamtre Hut: Verhltnis Hhe/Durchmesser Sombrero: relacin altura/dimetro lowbaskleinbajaSomycel 763mediummoyenmittelmediaBroncoh, Sylvan A155highlevgroaltaHeirloom7 AUTONUM QLVG(+)2Only varieties with brown cap: Cap: shade of scales compared to surface Seulement les varits chapeau marron: Chapeau: ton des cailles par rapport la surface Nur Sorten mit braunem Hut: Hut: Schattierung der Schuppen im Vergleich zur Oberflche Solo variedades con sombrero marrn: Sombrero: tono de las escamas en comparacin con la superficie lighterplus clairhellerms claroAmycel 2400, Heirloom1darkerplus foncdunklerms oscuro9 AUTONUM (*)QNMS/VG(a), (c)2Cap: thickness in longitudinal section Chapeau: paisseur en section longitudinale Hut: Dicke im Lngsschnitt Sombrero: grosor en seccin longitudinal thinfindnndelgadoJ102633mediummoyenmittelmedioBroncoh, Horronda5thickpaisdickgruesoSylvan A157 AUTONUM (*)QNVG(+)2Cap: scaling Chapeau: cailles Hut: Beschuppung Sombrero: presencia de escamas absent or very weakabsentes ou trs peu nombreusesfehlend oder sehr geringnula o muy escasaSomycel 531weakpeu nombreusesgeringescasaHorwitu3mediummoyennement nombreusesmittelmediaHorronda, Heirloom5strongnombreusesstarkabundanteSomycel 767very strongtrs nombreusessehr starkmuy abundanteBroncoh9 AUTONUM QNVG(+)2Cap: thickness of veil Chapeau: paisseur du voile Hut: Dicke des Velums Sombrero: grosor del velo thinfindnndelgadoJ102631mediummoyenmittelmedio2thickpaisdickgruesoHorronda, Sylvan A153 EnglishfranaisdeutschespaolExample VarietiesExemplesBeispielssortenVariedades ejemploNote/Nota AUTONUM (*)PQVG2Gills: color Lamelles: couleur Lamellen: Farbe Laminillas: color pinkrosepinkrosaBP-11light brownmarron clairhellbraunmarrn claroHorronda, Horwitu2dark brownmarron foncdunkelbraunmarrn oscuroBroncoh3 AUTONUM QLVG(+)3Only varieties with brown cap: Veil: annulus color Seulement les varits chapeau marron: Voile: couleur de lanneau Nur Sorten mit braunem Hut: Velum: Farbe der Manschette Solo variedades con sombrero marrn: Velo: color del anillo whiteblancweiblancoAmycel 2400, Sylvan 8001brownmarronbraunmarrnBrawn, Heirloom2 AUTONUM (*)QLVG(+)3Basidium: spores Basidiome : spores Basidie: Sporen Basidio: esporas absentabsentesfehlendausentesJ102631presentprsentesvorhandenpresentesSylvan A159 AUTONUM QNMGTime ofcap opening poque douverture du chapeau Zeitpunkt der Hutffnung poca de apertura del sombrero earlyprcocefrhtempranaHorwitu3mediummoyennemittelmediaAmycel 2400, Sylvan A155latetardivespttardaBrawn, Heirloom7 AUTONUM (*)QNVG(b)5Open cap: stipe distance from base to annulus Chapeau ouvert: Stipe: distance de la base lanneau Offener Hut: Stielabstand von Basis zu Manschette Sombrero abierto: distancia desde la base del pie al anillo shortcourteniedrigcortaAmycel 24003mediummoyennemittelmediaBroncoh5longlonguelanglargaHorwitu7 AUTONUM (*)QNMS/VG(b)5Open cap: diameter Chapeau ouvert: diamtre Offener Hut: Durchmesser Sombrero abierto: dimetro smallpetitkleinpequeoHorwitu3mediummoyenmittelmedioBroncoh, Sylvan A155largegrandgrograndeAmycel 2400, Heirloom7 EnglishfranaisdeutschespaolExample VarietiesExemplesBeispielssortenVariedades ejemploNote/Nota AUTONUM (*)QNMS/VG(b)5Open cap: thickness Chapeau ouvert: paisseur Offener Hut: Dicke Sombrero abierto: grosor thinfindnndelgadoJ102633mediummoyenmittelmedioHorwitu, Sylvan A155thickpaisdickgruesoBrawn, Heirloom7 AUTONUM (*)QNVG(+)5Open cap: fraying of margin Chapeau ouvert: effilochage du bord Offener Hut: Ausfransen des Randes Sombrero abierto: deshilachado del borde absent or weakabsent ou faiblefehlend oder geringausente o leveAmycel 2400, J102631moderatemodrmigmoderadoBroncoh, Horwitu2strongprononcstarkintensoML04063 AUTONUM (*)QNVG(+)5Open cap: shape of central part of upper side Chapeau ouvert: forme de la partie centrale de la face suprieure Offener Hut: Form des mittleren Teils der Oberseite Sombrero abierto: forma de la parte central de la cara superior roundedarrondieabgerundedredondeadaEuromycel 58, ML14961planeplaneebenplanaHeirloom2depresseddprimeeingesenktdeprimidaBroncoh3 8. Explanations on the Table of Characteristics 8.1 Explanations covering several characteristics Characteristics containing the following key should be examined as indicated below: (a) side view INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://76.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://76.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://76.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://76.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://76.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://76.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET longitudinal section INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://77.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://77.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://77.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://77.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://77.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://77.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET a: veil 4: Stipe: length 5: Stipe: diameter 11: Cap: height 12: Cap: diameter 15: Cap: thickness in longitudinal section BUTTON (b) longitudinal section INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://78.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://78.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://78.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://78.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://78.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://78.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET b: annulus c: cap border d: gills 22: Open cap: stipe distance from base to annulus 23: Open cap: diameter 24: Open cap: thickness FLAT/FULLY SPREAD (c) The fruit bodies observed at growth stage 2 should be cut longitudinally. 8.2 Explanations for individual characteristics Ad. 1: Mycelium: density INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://79.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://79.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://79.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://79.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://79.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://79.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 1 weak INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://80.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://80.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://80.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://80.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://80.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://80.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 2 medium INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://81.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://81.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://81.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://81.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://81.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://81.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 3 strong Ad. 2: Number of pins A pin is a young primordial fruit body. The number of pins larger than 3 mm is visuallyobserved 4 days after aeration. Ad. 3: Time of beginning of harvest The time of beginning of harvest is reached when more than 5fruit bodies in the first flush have reached growth stage 2. Ad. 5: Stipe: diameter To be observedin the middle of the stipe. Ad. 6: Stipe: ratio length/diameter 3 low 5 medium 7 high Ad. 9: Only varieties with brown cap: Stipe: color The stipe color is observed at harvest. Ad. 10: Stipe: oxidation at cutting edge The stipes are cut transversally in the middle. Oxidation of the cutting edge(observed visually as a yellowish to pink to red discoloration of the cut surface) should beobserved 2 to 10 minutes after cutting. INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://85.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://85.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://85.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://85.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://85.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://85.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET Ad. 13: Cap: ratio height/diameter INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://86.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://86.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://86.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://86.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://86.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://86.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 3 low INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://87.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://87.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://87.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://87.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://87.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://87.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 5 medium INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://88.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://88.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://88.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://88.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://88.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://88.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 7 high Ad. 14: Only varieties with brown cap: Cap: shade of scales compared to surface INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://89.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://89.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://89.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://89.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://89.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://89.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 1 lighter INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://90.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://90.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://90.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://90.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://90.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://90.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 9 darker Ad. 16: Cap: scaling INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://91.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://91.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://91.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://91.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://91.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://91.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 1 absent or very weak INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://92.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://92.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://92.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://92.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://92.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://92.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 3 weak INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://93.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://93.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://93.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://93.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://93.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://93.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 5 medium INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://94.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://94.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://94.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://94.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://94.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://94.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 7 strong INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://95.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://95.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://95.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://95.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://95.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://95.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 9 very strong Ad. 17: Cap: thickness of veil INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://96.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://96.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://96.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://96.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://96.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://96.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 1 thin INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://97.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://97.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://97.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://97.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://97.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://97.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 3 thick Ad. 19: Only varieties with brown cap: Veil: annulus color INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://98.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://98.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://98.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://98.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://98.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://98.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 1 white INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://99.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://99.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://99.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://99.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://99.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://99.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 2 brown Ad. 20: Basidium: spores To be observed by making a sporeprint according to the methodology described by Singer (1986). If spores are formed, a sporeprint can be obtained by allowing a stage 3 fruiting body to ripen at room temperature above a sheet of white paper, which is placed below the gills. Spores of a fungal body fall onto the surface of the paper underneath. Presence of spores is revealed after two days, when a clear black-brown print on the paper has been obtained. Ad. 25: Open cap: fraying of margin INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://100.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://100.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://100.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 1 absent or weak INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://101.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://101.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://101.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 2 moderate INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://102.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://102.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://102.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 3 strong Ad. 26: Open cap: shape of central part of upper side INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://103.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://103.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://103.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 1 rounded INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://104.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://104.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://104.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 2 plane INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://105.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://105.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://105.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET 3 depressed 8.3 Growth Stages and life cycle of Agaricus bisporus Growth Stages INCLUDEPICTURE \d "wordml://100.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://100.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://100.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://100.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://100.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "wordml://100.png" \* MERGEFORMATINET Explanation: 1, 2 and 3 1 and 2 3 4 5 - button stage - veil closed - veil breaking - opening/gills visible - fully open/flat stage Life cycle of Agaricus bisporus SHAPE \* MERGEFORMAT 9. Literature Flegg, P.B., Spencer, D.M. and Wood, D.A., 1985: The biology and technology of the cultivated mushroom. J. Wiley & Son, 347 pp. Fletcher, J.T. & Gaze R.H., 2007: Mushroom growing. In: Mushroom pest and disease control: a colour handbook, Manson Publishing Ltd, pp. 7-21. Foulongne-Oriol., M, Rodier, A., Caumont, P., Spataro, C., Savoie, J.M., 2011: Agaricus bisporus cultivars: hidden diversity beyond apparent uniformity? In: Proceedings of the 7th international conference on mushroom biology and mushroom products, vol 2. pp 916. Fritsche, G., 1964: Versuche zur Frage der Merkmalsbertragung beim Kulturchampignon Agaricus (Psalliota) bisporus (Lge.) Sing. Der Zchter 34-2: 76-93. Fritsche, G., 1988: Spawn: properties and preparation, In: The Cultivation of Mushrooms, Darlington Mushroom Laboratories, pp. 91-99. Neut, A. van der, 1991: The development of a set of characteristics for DUS tests of cultivated mushroom varieties. In: Genetics and breeding of Agaricus, Pudoc Wageningen, pp. 153-160. Nichols, 1985. Post-harvest physiology and storage. Pp 195-210. In: Flegg P.B., Spencer D.M., Wood D.A. 1985: The biology and technology of the cultivated mushroom. J. Wiley & Son, 347 pp. Parra Snchez L.A. 2008: Fungi Europaei. Agaricus L. Allopsalliota vol 1. Candusso Edizioni, 824 pp. Parra Snchez L.A., 2013: Fungi Europaei. Agaricus L. Allopsalliota vol 2, Candusso Edizioni, 1168 pp. Singer, R., 1986: The Agaricales in modern taxonomy, 4th edition. Koelts, Koenigstein, DE. Vooren, J.G. van de, Polder, G. & Heijden, G.W.A.M. van der, 1991: Application of image analysis for variety testing of mushroom. Euphytica 57: 245-250. Vooren, J.G. van de, Polder, G. & Heijden, G.W.A.M. van der, 1992: Identification of mushroom cultivars using image analysis. Transactions of the ASAE 35-1: 347-350. 10. Technical Questionnaire TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE Page {x} of {y} Reference Number: Application date:(not to be filled in by the applicant) TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIREto be completed in connection with an application for plant breeders' rights 1. Subject of the Technical Questionnaire 1.1 Botanical name Agaricus bisporus (Lange.) Sing. 1.2 Common name Agaricus 2. Applicant Name Address Telephone No. Fax No. E-mail address Breeder (if different from applicant) 3. Proposed denomination and breeder's reference Proposed denomination (if available) Breeder's reference TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE Page {x} of {y} Reference Number: #4. Information on the breeding scheme and propagation of the variety 4.1 Breeding scheme Variety resulting from: 4.1.1 Crossing (a) controlled cross [ ] (please state parent varieties) (b) partially known cross [ ] (please state known parent variety(ies)) (c) unknown cross [ ] 4.1.2 Mutation [ ] (please state parent variety) 4.1.3 Discovery and development [ ] (please state where and when discovered and how developed) 4.1.4 Other [ ] (please provide details) TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE Page {x} of {y} Reference Number: 4.2 Method of propagating the variety TC "Vegetative propagation" \f C \l "1" 4.2.1 Vegetative propagation (a) In vitro propagation [ ] (b) Other (state method) [ ] 4.2.2 Other(Please provide details) [ ] TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE Page {x} of {y} Reference Number: 5. Characteristics of the variety to be indicated (the number in brackets refers to the corresponding characteristic in Test Guidelines; please mark the note which best corresponds). CharacteristicsExample VarietiesNote TC "4" \f C \l "1" 5.1 (3) Time of beginning of harvest very early 1 [] very early to early 2 [] early Brawn, Euromycel 30 3 [] early to medium 4 [] medium Amycel 2400, Sylvan A15 5 [] medium to late 6 [] late Euromycel 58 7 [] late to very late 8 [] very late 9 [] TC "8" \f C \l "1" 5.2 (7) Cap: color white Sylvan A15 1 [] greyish white Somycel 76 2 [] brown Amycel 2400 3 [] TC "13" \f C \l "1" 5.3 (12) Cap: diameter very small 1 [] very small to small 2 [] small Horwitu 3 [] small to medium 4 [] medium Broncoh 5 [] medium to large 6 [] large Heirloom, Sylvan A15 7 [] large to very large 8 [] very large 9 [] TC "19" \f C \l "1" 5.4 (18) Gills: color pink BP-1 1 [] light brown Horronda, Horwitu 2 [] dark brown Broncoh 3 [] TC "21" \f C \l "1" 5.5 (20) Basidium: spores absent J10263 1 [] present Sylvan A15 9 [] TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE Page {x} of {y} Reference Number: 6. Similar varieties and differences from these varieties Please use the following table and box for comments to provide information on how your candidate variety differs from the variety (or varieties) which, to the best of your knowledge, is (or are) most similar. This information may help the examination authority to conduct its examination of distinctness in a more efficient way. Denomination(s) of variety(ies) similar to your candidate variety Characteristic(s) in which your candidate variety differs from the similar variety(ies) Describe the expression of the characteristic(s) for the similar variety(ies) Describe the expression of the characteristic(s) for your candidate variety Example Cap: color greyish white brown Comments: TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE Page {x} of {y} Reference Number: #7. Additional information which may help in the examination of the variety 7.1 In addition to the information provided in sections 5 and 6, are there any additional characteristics which may help to distinguish the variety? Yes [ ] No [ ] (If yes, please provide details) 7.2 Are there any special conditions for growing the variety or conducting the examination? Yes [ ] No [ ] (If yes, please provide details) 7.3 Other information TECHNICAL QUESTIONNAIRE Page {x} of {y} Reference Number: 8. Authorization for release (a) Does the variety require prior authorization for release under legislation concerning the protection of the environment, human and animal health? Yes [ ] No [ ] (b) Has such authorization been obtained? Yes [ ] No [ ] If the answer to (b) is yes, please attach a copy of the authorization. 9. Information on material to be examined or submitted for examination 9.1 The expression of a characteristic or several characteristics of a variety may be affected by factors, such as pests and disease, chemical treatment (e.g. growth retardants or pesticides), effects of tissue culture, different rootstocks, scions taken from different growth phases of a tree, etc. 9.2 The material should not have undergone any treatment which would affect the expression of the characteristics of the variety, unless the competent authorities allow or request such treatment. If the material has undergone such treatment, full details of the treatment must be given. In this respect, please indicate below, to the best of your knowledge, if the material to be examined has been subjected to: (a) Microorganisms (e.g. virus, bacteria, phytoplasma) Yes [ ] No [ ] (b) Chemical treatment (e.g. growth retardant, pesticide) Yes [ ] No [ ] (c) Tissue culture Yes [ ] No [ ] (d) Other factors Yes [ ] No [ ] Please provide details for where you have indicated yes. 10. I hereby declare that, to the best of my knowledge, the information provided in this form is correct: Applicants name Signature Date [End of document] * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] TG/259/2(proj.6) Agaricus, 2017-10-10 PAGE7 TG/259/2(proj.6) Agaricus/Agaric/Champignon/Champin, 2017-10-10 PAGE12 # Authorities may allow certain of this information to be provided in a confidential section of the Technical Questionnaire. # Authorities may allow certain of this information to be provided in a confidential section of the Technical Questionnaire. TG/259/2(proj.4) Agaricus, 2017-03-27 PAGE26 12 15 11 a 5 4 23 24 22 b d c Heterokaryon Anastomosis Fruiting body Homokaryotic phase Heterokaryotic phase Diploid phase Meiose 5% 95% * 1 2 3 9 < ɶɘucuQuB;uB h4Gi hF h4Gi h\J B*PJ ^J ph #h4Gi hF 5B*PJ \^J ph #h4Gi h 5B*PJ \^J ph #h4Gi h\J 5B*PJ \^J ph j ha hw UmH nH u j ha h= U%ha hF B*CJ PJ ^J aJ ph %ha h\J B*CJ PJ ^J aJ ph ha hF +ha hF 5B*CJ8 PJ \^J aJ8 ph +ha h\J 5B*CJ8 PJ \^J aJ8 ph hF w i $d $If a$K$ $If K$j kd $If K$L$l F &% t &% 2 4 4 l a e4 $$If a$K$ d $If K$ | q $If gd K$ $$If a$gdw K$ d $If K$j kdd $If K$L$l F &% t &% 2 4 4 l a e4 2 3 D e Z $If gd K$ H kd|/ $If K$L$l t 2 ( 2 4 4 l a e4 $If K$ H kd+/ $If K$L$l t 2 2 ( 4 4 l a e4 < = > @ A C D G ĮĉzgTA %ha h\J B*CJ PJ ^J aJ ph %ha hF B*CJ PJ ^J aJ ph %ha h\J B*CJ PJ ^J aJ ph ha hF B*PJ ^J ph ha h\J B*PJ ^J ph +ha hF 5B*CJ PJ \^J aJ ph +ha h\J 5B*CJ PJ \^J aJ ph ha hF h4Gi hF h4Gi h B*PJ ^J ph h4Gi h\J B*PJ ^J ph h4Gi hw B*PJ ^J ph D E F G A 6 $$If a$K$j kd0 $If K$L$l F &% t &% 2 4 4 l a e4 d $If K$ H kd/ $If K$L$l t 2 ( 2 4 4 l a e4 $$If a$K$ d $If K$L kd0 $If K$L$l 4 &%`&% t &% 2 <